The name is derived from the latin equinus pertaining to horses, and folium a leaf, in reference to the fine drooping twigs which are reminiscent of coarse horse hair. Casuarina equisetifolia florida exotic pest plant council. The tallest casuarina forests occur along rivers, where trees can grow to more than 20 metres. Longfavored for use in erosion control along beaches, australianpine tree is now outlawed in many parts of florida due to its invasive nature, rapid growth rate, and nonnative status. Usda, ars, germplasm resources information network. Usersmed iadownloads casuarina %20 equisetifolia %20l. Nutraceutical constituents of casuarina equisetifolia. Gymnostoma, 20 species of trees and shrubs, many of which have a distinctly pinelike aspect when seen from afar. For more information and pictures about casuarina equisetifolia, view. Latin for casuarius or cassowary, branches resemblance to birds feathers. Leaves reduced to tiny scales, 68 in whorls encircling joints of branchlets.
Rap publication 200607 food and agriculture organization of the united nations regional office for asia and the pacific. Casuarina litorea, iron wood, coast sheoak, whistling pine, australian pine, horsetail beefwood, australian oak, swamp oak, toa samoa. The results can also be downloaded as a csv file unicode utf8 encoding see status, confidence level, source for definitions. It is native to australia and southeast asia and was introduced into florida in the late 1800s. Casuarina equisetifolia, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects. The climate in its natural range is semiarid to subhumid and frostfree. One of a genus of 17 species, casuarina equisetifolia is native to the tropical and subtropical coastlines of australia, south east asia, malesia, melanesia, and. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license.
Crown shape initially conical but tends to flatten with age. Casuarina equisetifolia at usda plants database casuarina equisetifolia on integrated taxonomic information system. Report t 682 a bibliography schinus, melaleuca, and. Australianpine, beefwood, ironwood, sheoak, horsetail tree synonymy. Casuarina equisetifolia is an evergreen tree with a finely branched, feathery crown, usually growing growing from 6 35 metres tall though occasional plants up to 60 metres tall have been recorded. Used for timber and medicine, also for erosion control on coastal sands. An assessment of dna polymorphisms and genetic relationships of casuarina equisetifolia using rapd markers. Giesen, wim and stephan wulffraat, max zieren and liesbeth scholten. They are naturally distributed in tropical eastern africa, the mascarene islands, southeast asia, malaysia, australia, and polynesia. Casuarina equisetifolia she oak, common ru, australian.
Overview appearance casuarina equisetifolia is a deciduous tree that occurs in open, coastal habitats including sand beaches, rocky coasts and sand dunes. Most casuarina forests are low in height, sometimes with a dense, shrubby understorey. View picture of casuarina species, australian pine, dune sheoak, horsetail casuarina, horsetail she oak casuarina equisetifolia at daves garden. Two subspecies, equisetifolia and incana, are recognized wilson and johnson, 1989, with the former more. Horsetail casuarina, horsetail sheoak, beach casuarina and coastal sheoak. Mangrove guidebook for southeast asia pdf online downloadable. This paper will highlight the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of casuarina equisetifolia. Casuarina definition of casuarina by the free dictionary. The tree can attain heights of up to 50 meters, with a diameter of up to 18 centimetres. Casuarina equisetifolia in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Australian pine casuarina equisetifolia florida exotic pest.
Propagation of casuarina equisetifolia through exillary buds of immature female inflorescences cultured in vitro. Hawaiian plants a nd tropical flowers, casuarina equisetifolia common iron wood. Casuarina equisetifolia beach sheoak introduction beach sheoak casuarina equisetifolia is native from australia eastward into melanesia and westward to coastal southeast asia, but it was also an ancient introduction over a much larger range. Antidiarrhoeal activity of 90% ethanol extract of casuarina equisetifolia was investigated in this study using castor oilinduceddiarrhoea, enteropooling and small intestinal transit models in rats. Casuarina equisetifolia herb uses, benefits, cures, side. Casuarina equisetifolia is an evergreen tree growing to 30 m 98ft by 20 m 65ft at a fast rate. Both of these species had a better form factor than did c. Field guide to identify the common casuarina australian. Rhu tree casuarina equisetifolia on the shores of singapore. A potential tree technical report pdf available in international journal of agriculture and biology september 2016 with 1,923 reads. Trunk straight, cylindrical, usually branchless for up to 10 m, up to 100 max. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Evergreen tree to 46 m 150 ft tall, usually with single trunk and open, irregular crown. Biology of australian pine casuarina equisetifolia l.
Plants profile for casuarina equisetifolia beach sheoak. Casuarina equisetifolia is a member of the casuarinaceae beefwood family. Widely grown in malaysia, the pacific islands, australia and west indies, casuarina is used in shipbuilding for the quality of. Casuarina comes from the latinized version of the word for cassowary, in reference to the small branches of this tree that resemble the droopy plumage of the cassowary bird native to australia.
Flowers unisexual monoecious, inconspicuous, female in small axillary clusters, male. Media in category casuarina equisetifoliathe following 200 files are in this category, out of 255 total. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Casuarinaceae, the beefwood family of dicotyledonous flowering plants, with two genera casuarina, 30 species. The proximate composition of both the leaves and fruits of. Microscopic study of the branching process in the nodule lobes led him to conclude that branching was initiated in the apex by a segmentation of the. Casuarina forests occur as woodlands or open forests over more than 2. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes.
Elfers 1988 summarized control information for the casuarinas as a group i. List of various diseases cured by casuarina equisetifolia. How casuarina equisetifolia is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. Ironwood, australian pine casuarina equisetifolia l.
Casuarina equisetifolia horsetail casuarina description very coastal tolerant native tree with needle like foliage and wide spreading habit size medium size maximum height. This is an excerpt from weeds of hawaiis pastures and natural areas. Casuarina equisetifolia fixes ca 60230 kg nhayr aspiras, 1981. Initiation and development of root nodules of casuarina. Uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients in casuarina equisetifolia. Casuarina equisetifolia linn eece was studied against castor oilinduceddiarrhoea model in rats. Pdf casuarina equisetifolia l a potential tree researchgate. Any of various trees or shrubs of the genus casuarina native to australia, southeast asia, and neighboring islands, having jointed needlelike branchlets, scalelike whorled leaves, and small fruits grouped in woody conelike structures. Casuarina is a genus of 17 tree species in the family casuarinaceae, native to australia, the indian subcontinent, southeast asia, islands of.
Belonging to the casuarinaceae family, casuarina equisetifolia is a plant with a straight trunk that can reach a height of 5065 feet. General information about casuarina equisetifolia csueq india, bangladesh, indochina, malesia, australia. Isolated from surfacesterilized roots of casuarina equisetifolia fix nitrogen. Abstract only volume 75, issue 1, p119, january 01, 1985. However, casuarina can be differentiated from allocasuarinas by having grey or yellowbrown samara and bracteoles of infructescence thin and without dorsal protuberance. Control efforts included manual pulling of seedlings, basal bark and cut. Species the species name equisetifolia is a combination of the latin root words equi meaning horse, seti meaning with.
Nonfrankia actinomycetes isolated from surfacesterilized roots of. Miehe 1918 described the general structure of the nodules of casuarina equisetifolia, and noted its resemblance to that of the nodules of alnus. Casuarina is more closely related to allocasuarina by having invisible stomates and relatively thin and inconspicuous bracts. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Casuarina equisetifolia is an evergreen, dioecious or monoecious tree 635 60 m tall, with a finely branched crown. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Names of casuarina equisetifolia in various languages of the world are also given. This page was last edited on 8 november 2017, at 12.
Field guide to identify the common casuarina australian pine species in florida 4 2. The wood, burning with immense heat, even when green, has been called the best firewood in the world. The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 382558 with original publication details. The straight, cylindrical bole can be free of branches for 10 metres or more and 20 100cm in diameter. Casuarina is a hardwood tree that is grown in areas bordering water in the tropics. Pharmacological studies of anti diarrhoeal activity of. For more information and pictures about casuarina equisetifolia, view the langelandburks book. Equisetum is latin for horse hair describing the weeping effect of the foliage.